Tomato Spotted
Diseases
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), (Bunyaviridae: Tospovirus) is a plant virus vectored by at least 9 species of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Two species in particular, Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and tobacco thrips, F. fusca, are common vectors in multiple crop systems in the southeastern US.
Severe yield losses associated with TSWV have been reported in peanut, tobacco, tomato, pepper and potato as well as in some ornamental crops.
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Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Peanut
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), (Bunyaviridae: Tospovirus) is a plant virus vectored by at least 9 species of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Two species in particular, Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and tobacco thrips, F. fusca, are common vectors in multiple crop systems in the southeastern US.
Severe yield losses associated with TSWV have been reported in peanut, tobacco, tomato, pepper and potato as well as in some ornamental crops.
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Tobacco
Tomato spotted wilt was first reported in Georgia tobacco in 1986, but was not considered a problem in the crop until 1989. The incidence of this tospovirus was light in tobacco from 1989-1994. However, from 1995 to present, the statewide percentages of tobacco stand losses and crop losses due to spotted wilt have steadily increased, peaking in 2002, with 41% stand loss and 20% crop loss ($19.4 million loss to the Georgia tobacco crop) (see Figure below). The 2006-2008 growing seasons have shown a general trend in lower spotted wilt infection in tobacco. Whether this trend continues is uncertain at this time.
The tobacco thrips is the most common vector of spotted wilt on the tobacco foliage each year; however, the western flower thrips, another reported vector species, occurs annually in tobacco blooms. Both of these thrips vectors are commonly collected from numerous plant hosts in the tobacco farmscape throughout the entire year, and are collected from yellow sticky traps every month of the year, as well.
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Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus of Vegetable Crops
Thrips-vectored Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the more severe problems affecting tomato and pepper production in the southeastern USA. Losses can range from a few percent to entire fields being abandoned. Since these two crops in the Southeast represent over $440 million in farm-gate value, the economic impact can be severe. TSWV has severely challenged traditional pest management practices in tomato and pepper because it is severe, unpredictable, and lacks highly effective control options. Most of the new information on TSWV management in pepper and tomato is now summarized at this linked USDA RAMP funded website.
Photo to your left illustrates speckling of tomato leaves caused by tomato spotted wilt virus, and the photo below is a tomato plant on the left that is severely stunted by the virus which is typical of an early infection.